Disinformation, Misinformation, and Fake News Teach-Out

In this step, Bret Schafer, a Fellow for Media and Digital Disinformation at the Alliance for Securing Democracy, explains the three categories of state-backed propaganda: white, grey, and black. In this segment, he offers several examples of these categories of propaganda from Russia and China.

Reflection: How can you investigate sources of news? What may signal if propaganda is white, grey, or black?