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Civil Rights in the Trump Era Teach-Out

The 19th Century Fight About the Meaning of Civil Rights / Lesson 5 of 4

Historic Amendments and Civil Rights Acts

10 minutes

As discussed in the previous segments regarding the history of civil rights under Reconstruction, Reconstruction leads to three Constitutional amendments and three key statutes. To read more on these amendments and civil rights acts, see the references below.

Reconstruction also led to three key civil rights statutes:

  • The Civil Rights Acts of 1866 declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition. See the text of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 on wikisource.
  • The Civil Rights Act of 1871 (now 42 U.S.C. Section 1983), known as the Ku Klux Klan Act, is an Act of the United States Congress that empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and other white supremacy organizations. It also allowed a federal lawsuit to be filed by anyone whose federal rights--constitutional or statutory--were violated by someone acting under state authority. See the full text of the Civil Rights Act of 1871.
  • The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was a response to civil rights violations of African Americans, enacted to "protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights", giving them equal treatment in public accommodations (such as hotels, public transportation, and theaters), and to prohibit exclusion from jury service. The Act was struck down by the Supreme Court in "The Civil Rights Cases" in 1883, on the grounds that the 14th Amendment doesn’t allow Congress to regulate private conduct, and that the 13th Amendment doesn't reach public accommodations.See full text of 1875.
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